COPS: Large-Scale Optimization Problems

We are continuing the development of COPS, a collection of large-scale Constrained Optimization ProblemS. The primary purpose of this collection is to provide difficult test cases for optimization software. Problems in the current version of the collection come from fluid dynamics, population dynamics, optimal design, and optimal control.

For each problem we provide a short description of the problem, notes on the formulation of the problem, and results of computational experiments with general optimization solvers. We currently have results for LANCELOT, MINOS, SNOPT, and LOQO.

Each problem has been implemented in AMPL and (courtesy of GAMS Development Corp.) in GAMS. The report

contains descriptions of the problems, notes on the formulation, graphs of the solutions, and the results of computational experiments. The article

discusses the analysis and interpretation of benchmarking data. The companion Perl script, perf.pl, can be used to create performance profiles for Matlab. The header of the script contains documentation on its use. Michael Friedlander has also written a performance profiling script in Python that uses gnuplot to create encapsulated post-script files.


The current collection (Version 2.0) of COPS problems can be obtained by entering your email address below (so that you can be informed of future software updates) and downloading the compressed tar file that contains the AMPL model and data files or the compressed tar file of GAMS models.

Email: .


COPS: Keeping optimization software honest.


COPS Developers

Alexander Bondarenko
David Bortz
Liz Dolan
Michael Merritt
Jorge Moré

Benchmarking Report (HTML version)
Electrons on a SphereFlow in a ChannelGoddard Rocket
Hang GliderHanging ChainIsometrization of Alpha-Pinene
Largest Small PolygonLinear Tangent Particle SteeringMarine Population Dynamics
Non-inertial Robot Arm
Optimal Cam Shape
Elastic Plastic TorsionPressure Distribution in Journal BearingMinimal Surface with Obstacle
Catalytic Cracking of Gas OilMethanol to HydrocarbonsCatalyst Mixing


Other Benchmarks

Argonne National Laboratory / more@mcs.anl.gov